ЛЕКСИКА

The article deals with the linguistic and speech category of directness, which is dialectically connected with its opposite – the category of indirectness. Realizations of the category of directness are considered: firstly, in language vocabulary and idiomatics; secondly, in speech communication; thirdly, in a more general sense of understanding the features of the system of language and speech. Two aspects of using the concept of directness to characterize linguistic and communicative-speech phenomena are considered.

The article deals with linguistic and extra-linguistic factors influencing the development and functioning of phrase units with national-cultural component in their semantics. The questionnaire offered to native German speakers revealed the reasons for dropping out of certain units of this group from the current active usage. The substitutes (variants and synonyms) and modifications most widely used in current German are next characterized as the best means of adapting phrase units to the current extra-linguistic situation without loss in meaning.

“Mobile” jargon being lively and heterogeneous in structure presents a specific level of the Russian language. The development of this language phenomenon and its spread among the Russian language speakers are determined by the penetration of mobile technologies into the life of modern society. The majority of the items of this idiom are formed by means of metaphoric transfer. The lexemes used by “mobile” jargon users as the source for metaphors are extremely various.

This article examines the role of the thematic context in the study of the historical development of the semantics of lexical units. The subject of analysis is the functioning of the lexemes of the moral and ethical sphere in medieval English religious discourse.

The article considers linguistic peculiarities of the modern media language on the example of publications about sports topics in the Telegram messenger. The following Russian Telegram channels were selected as the material for the study: “Real football”, “Football with GOAL24”, “Sports.ru”. The author studies the news content for the period from July 2018 to July 2020; the ways of reflecting sport events and those close to sport in the texts are analyzed.