психологизм

The article carries out the analysis of the image of a wasp in an early poem by A. A. Akhmatova. The article shows how the image of an insect penetrates an extended metaphor and becomes an important means of revealing the inner state of the lyrical heroine.

This article describes the creation of the image of the Volga in the early works of Skitalets (S. G. Petrov, 1869–1941). The artistic world of the writer is filled with natural images, which are drawn mainly in a romantic way. The landscapes of Skitalets are mostly bright and colorful, although there are accurate realistic sketches. Also, the Volga can play the role of a psychological ‘accompaniment’, and can become the ideal embodiment of the proper state of the world.

In A. P. Chekhov’s prose such characters as journalists, reporters, news reporters, newspaper readers, and newspaper contributions themselves are introduced. The type of Chekhov’s reporter is studied, whose stereotypical behavior and character become a specialty of a kind. With the transition from comic stories to the ‘dull stories’ of the characters, with the enhancement of the underlying message, the reporters with their single-line depiction disappear from Chekhov’s works.

The following article off ers a theoretical interpretation of Nabokov’s aphorism on Joyce’s inner monologues. Nabokov supposed that thinking is extraverbal and cannot be fully embodied in a word. He assumed that James Joyce was wrong to materialize the stream of inner life in a rigid verbal form. For Nabokov, thinking as an uninterrupted continuum of psychological states, should be opposed to the ‘stream of consciousness’ technique and should be moved towards the lyrical synthetism.

The article reveals the images of animals in the cycle of stories The Tragic Menagerie (1907) by the writer of the Silver Age L. D. Zinovieva-Annibal (1866–1907) and their role in molding the character of the heroine. These images perform several functions. They establish the environmental discourse of the narrative, shape the moral and philosophical problem range, facilitate the religious self-identification of the main character.