функции

The article analyzes the functions of the dash in literary German-language texts. The purpose of the study is to clarify and describe the various functions of the dash, to determine its role in the transmission of the communicative intention of the author of the written text. It is established that the dash is a multifunctional punctuation mark which complicates and specifies its functions depending on the contextual conditions of its use and the communicative situation. Two main groups of functions were identified and described: structural-semantic and expressive.

The article presents the analysis of substandard vocabulary that is used in Russian newspapers of various types. It describes these words’ functions, frequency of occurrence and ways of introducing them.

The article researches the locus of window, closely related to the situation of an emotional turning point, love trial or characters’ enlightenment in I. S. Turgenev’s works. This locus highlights the stages of the characters’ spiritual path and is polysemic, but such archaic and traditional meanings of the window as a border between the worlds and the sign of trial become relevant for Turgenev.