social status

This article deals with the substantive metaphor describing a woman in the Russian and German languages. The analysis of metaphorical nominations is aimed at identifying the description of the universal, cultural and national characteristics attributed to a ‘female person’ depending on her age and social status.

The article explores lexical, grammatical and stylistic means of expressing incivility in speech behavior of the company staff members. A range of linguistic and intonation means of expressing intentional and unintentional incivility is analyzed. It is revealed how impolite speech behavior can be gender-specific. The research is carried out on the example of stylized American English business communication.