metaphor

The article gives an overview of modern definitions of synaesthesia, analyzes the methodology for investigating the phenomenon, proposes a classification based on a combination of linguistic, psychological, and cultural approaches.

The article analyzes jargon metaphors formed on the basis of social lexis. The author singles out semantic fields and groups extensively used for developing transfers, the main principles of metaphorization and their specific characteristics in comparison with the literary language. The conclusions are drawn on the jargon users’ world picture, which is represented with the help of the social metaphor.

The article studies the cognitive metaphor role in the formation of the specific object terminology system on the material of the Russian and German banking terminology.

The article considers the functions of the ‘short-sightedness’ metaphor in the metropolitan literature of the 1920–1930s. The author shows how political and cultural context of the epoch influences the comprehension of this metaphor and of the images of the ‘optical prosthetic devices’ (glasses / eye-glasses / lorgnette / monocle) related to it.

The article explores the emotional and evaluative function of metaphor actualizing the military realia in the speech practices of French soldiers in the early twentieth century. The author shows that the use of metaphors in professional communication is largely conditioned by the current psychological and extra-linguistic context and by the connotative meaning of the linguistic sign as well.

The article considers the formation and functioning of figurative meanings in the 21st century on the basis of modern Russian sports terminology. The main sources of metaphorization, semantics of transfers and regular models of metaphorical transformation are analyzed in linguistic and cognitive aspects. The stability and consistency of the formation and functioning of the studied metaphors are noted.

The article deals with the problem of language representation of stereotypes on the example of German mass media, featuring the election campaign in Russia in 2018. It has been confirmed that simplification and generalization play a significant role in forming the images of the Russian politicians in German mass media. Some characteristics of stereotypes about Russian political figures are revealed, linguistic means of their representation are described.

The article analyzes the functioning of metaphors and idioms in modern newspaper political texts; speech errors in the use of these expressive means in the speech of authors and heroes of publications (journalists, politicians, political scientists, etc.) are revealed. The main types of such defects, as well as linguistic and cognitive reasons for their occurrence are established.

In an article dedicated to the poetic heritage of G. G. Kasmynin, an attempt is made to determine the artistic and philosophical paradigm of metaphor in the poet’s creative method, the metaphorical picture of the world of his poetry is actualized, opposing the time of decay, the tragic consept of the historical frontire, when the author’s talent reached its peak.

The role of metaphor in the formation of the modern computer slang is analyzed in the article. The main groups of lexis are singled out; they are used as the source of the figurative slang meanings formation; they are compared with the general language tendencies; the system of metaphorization sources is researched as the reflection of the unique world picture of this certain idiom.