семантика

The article studies the role that the conceptual metaphor plays in reconstructing the image of Switzerland. On the material of the literary and historic guidebook The Russian Switzerland by M. P. Shishkin the semantic and stylistic features of metaphors, which are peculiarly encoded definitions of the author’s conceptual meanings, are described. The goal of the paper is to identify the techniques of how the image of Switzerland is conceptualized in its Russian representation.

The theoretical aspects of word-formation are considered in the article. For the first time the
complex multiple-aspect investigation of abbreviation in the modern European languages has been carried out.

The article discusses a Russian verbal sentence in terms of pragmatic strategies and their predictable
influence on grammatical and semantic structure of the sentence. Some noticed regularities
are being discussed. They are determined by vectors pragmatics – semantics and pragmatics – grammar in the verbal sentence’s field, which is being treated as a certain linguistic construct. Pragmatics
in the verbal sentence’s field manifests as variability of the content and form of the sentence.

The article considers linguistic means of positive aesthetic evaluation in the medieval allegorical French poem «Le Roman de la Rose». A range of linguistic contexts containing evaluative components are studied, specific axiological means and principles of contributing to the lexis of aesthetic evaluation are analyzed.

The article describes different sentences with the meaning «the state of nature manifested by the movement of objects» from two perspectives: structural (the structural schemes of the simple sentences are analyzed as signs of the typical proposition) and semantic (utterances are classified on the ground of the differences in the meanings).

The article deals with the issues of naming a person on the basis of family ties or connections in the text of a work of fiction. The authors consider notions of kinship and relationship, offer a semantic classification of antroponominants, give a typological description of the units denoting a person according to the degrees and lines of kinship.

The article focuses on the lexical units borrowed from the Arabian language. The Arabisms of the theme group of ‘Buildings, structures, construction materials’ are analyzed. The dictionary definitions of these words from the Arabian dictionary Al Muajam Al Waseet (2004) are compared to the definitions represented in the Arabian-Russian and Russian-Arabian dictionaries, in the dictionaries of foreign words of different authors.

The article specifies the semantic amount of the fundamental action verbs in the English, German, French, and Italian languages on the basis of the comparative approach ; the degree of their eurysemy is established.

The article presents the semantic differentiation of the Arabic idioms with the words from the semantic field ‘nutrition’; the degree of phraseological units activity in the replenishment of different semantic spheres and fields is identified; the basic models of idiomatization are singled out as well as the role of conceptual, cultural and historical factors in this process.